Verdict
GPT-5.4 leads 14–2 across 16 shared benchmarks.
GPT-5.1 2 · GPT-5.4 14 · higher isn't always better — check the caveats below.
Reported scores — protocols may differ. How we compare
Reasoning: GPT-5.4 leads 3–2 across 5 shared reasoning benchmarks (largest gap: ARC-AGI, 93.67 vs 72.83 — single evaluator).
Context Learning: GPT-5.4 leads 2–0 across 2 shared context learning benchmarks (largest gap: CL-bench Life, 21.7 vs 17.3 — protocols undisclosed).
GPT-5.4 leads 14–2 across 16 shared benchmarks. GPT-5.1 leads 2 benchmarks and GPT-5.4 leads 14. Higher isn't always better — see the integrity caveats on each benchmark.
GPT-5.1 and GPT-5.4 have 16 benchmarks in common in our data — those are the only rows where a direct, apples-to-apples comparison is drawn.
GPT-5.4 leads context learning 2–0. GPT-5.4 leads reasoning 3–2.