FrontierMath
Integrity rank #3 of 65 · 84 models scored · top score 93.68 · GPT-6.1 Sol
Research-level novel math, far beyond competition
Strongest on discrimination, weakest on saturation headroom.
Reported scores — protocols may differ. How we compare
| # | Model | Score | Evidence | Measured |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPT-6.1 Sol | 93.68 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-29 |
| 2 | GPT-6 Astra | 93.68 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-03 |
| 3 | Claude Opus 5.5 | 91.23 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-22 |
| 4 | Claude Fable 5.1 | 90.18 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-01 |
| 5 | GPT-6 Sol | 89.82 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-22 |
| 6 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 89.12 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-09 |
| 7 | Claude Sonnet 5.5 | 88.77 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-28 |
| 8 | GPT-5.5 Pro | 87.72 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-23 |
| 9 | Claude Fable 5 | 87.02 | reproducedT1 | 2026-06-09 |
| 10 | Gemini 4 Argon | 85.96 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-30 |
| 11 | GPT-5.6 Terra | 85.96 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-09 |
| 12 | Claude Opus 5 | 85.61 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-24 |
| 13 | GPT-5.5 | 85.26 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-23 |
| 14 | GPT-5.4 Pro | 82.46 | reproducedT1 | 2026-03-05 |
| 15 | GPT-5.6 Luna | 82.11 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-07-09 |
| 16 | Claude Opus 4.8 | 80 | reproducedT1 | 2026-05-28 |
| 17 | GPT-6 Luna | 78.95 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-22 |
| 18 | GPT-5.4 | 78.6 | reproducedT1 | 2026-03-05 |
| 19 | Claude Haiku 5.5 | 75.09 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-10-07 |
| 20 | Qwen 3.8 Max | 74.74 | reproducedT1 | 2026-08-02 |
| 21 | Muse Spark 1.3 | 74.39 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-02 |
| 22 | GPT-5.2 Pro | 74 | reproducedT1 | 2025-12-11 |
| 23 | Kimi K3 | 72.18 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-16 |
| 24 | Gemini 3.7 Flash | 71.58 | reproducedT1 | 2026-08-13 |
| 25 | Claude Opus 4.7 | 70.18 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-16 |
| 26 | GLM-5.3 | 68.77 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-08-14 |
| 27 | Gemini 3.8 Flash | 68.42 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-02 |
| 28 | GPT-5.2 | 67.4 | reproducedT1 | 2025-12-11 |
| 29 | DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | 67.37 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-09 |
| 30 | Grok 4.6 | 65.96 | reproducedT1 | 2026-08-12 |
| 31 | Claude Opus 4.6 | 65.96 | reproducedT1 | 2026-02-05 |
| 32 | Qwen3.8 Max (0902) | 65.61 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-01 |
| 33 | Claude Sonnet 5 | 65.61 | reproducedT1 | 2026-06-30 |
| 34 | Qwen3.7-Max | 64.56 | reproducedT1 | 2026-05-19 |
| 35 | DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813 | 64.56 | reproducedT1 | 2026-08-13 |
| 36 | Gemini 3.5 Flash | 62.81 | reproducedT1 | 2026-05-19 |
| 37 | Gemini 3.1 Pro | 59.65 | reproducedT1 | 2026-02-19 |
| 38 | GLM-5.2 | 59.21 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-06-16 |
| 39 | Gemini 3.6 Flash | 58.95 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-21 |
| 40 | DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731 | 57.54 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-31 |
| 41 | Kimi K2.6 | 57.19 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-20 |
| 42 | Grok 4.5 | 57.19 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-08 |
| 43 | GLM-5.3-Flash | 55.79 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-08-20 |
| 44 | GPT-5 Pro | 55.79 | reproducedT1 | 2025-10-07 |
| 45 | GPT-5 | 55.44 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-08-07 |
| 46 | Kimi K2.7 Code | 54.04 | reproducedT1 | 2026-06-12 |
| 47 | Grok 4.7 | 52.98 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-09-21 |
| 48 | Gemini 3 Flash | 51.23 | reproducedT1 | 2025-12-17 |
| 49 | GPT-5.4 Mini | 51.23 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-03-17 |
| 50 | GPT-5 mini | 46.67 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-08-07 |
| 51 | Inkling-Small | 46.32 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-15 |
| 52 | DeepSeek-V4-Pro | 45.26 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-24 |
| 53 | Grok 4.20 | 44.91 | reproducedT1 | 2026-02-17 |
| 54 | GPT-5.4 Nano | 44.91 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-03-17 |
| 55 | Grok 4.3 Beta | 42.81 | reproducedT1 | 2026-04-17 |
| 56 | Qwen 3.6 Plus | 38.25 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-03-31 |
| 57 | GLM-5.1 | 36.84 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-04-07 |
| 58 | o4-mini | 36.14 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-04-16 |
| 59 | Qwen3.6 27B | 35.09 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-04-22 |
| 60 | Claude Opus 4.5 | 34.39 | reproducedT1 | 2025-11-24 |
| 61 | Qwen3.7-Plus | 34.39 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-06-02 |
| 62 | Inkling | 33.33 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-15 |
| 63 | o3 | 33.33 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-04-16 |
| 64 | Qwen3.5 397B-A17B | 31.23 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-02-13 |
| 65 | Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite | 27.72 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-03-03 |
| 66 | GPT-5.5 Instant | 26.32 | reproducedT1 | 2026-05-05 |
| 67 | Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite | 25.96 | reproducedT1 | 2026-07-21 |
| 68 | Gemini 2.5 Pro (Jun 2025) | 24.56 | reproducedT1 | 2025-06-05 |
| 69 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | 23.86 | reproducedT1 | 2025-09-29 |
| 70 | Qwen 3.6 Flash | 22.46 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-04-27 |
| 71 | Qwen 3.6 35B-A3B | 20.35 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-04-14 |
| 72 | GPT-5 nano | 20 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-08-07 |
| 73 | Qwen3.7 Flash | 19.3 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-07-27 |
| 74 | Qwen3-Max | 18.95 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-09-24 |
| 75 | o3-mini | 18.6 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-01-31 |
| 76 | Qwen 3.5 Flash (hosted 35B-A3B) | 18.25 | unverifiedT2 | 2026-02-25 |
| 77 | o1 | 14.74 | unverifiedT2 | 2024-12-17 |
| 78 | Claude Opus 4.1 | 12.63 | reproducedT1 | 2025-08-05 |
| 79 | GPT-4.1 mini | 6.67 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-04-14 |
| 80 | GPT-4.1 | 5.96 | unverifiedT2 | 2025-04-14 |
| 81 | GPT-4 Turbo (Apr 2024) | 0.7 | unverifiedT2 | 2024-04-09 |
| 82 | GPT-4o mini | 0.7 | unverifiedT2 | 2024-07-18 |
| 83 | GPT-4o (Aug 2024) | 0.35 | unverifiedT2 | 2024-08-06 |
| 84 | GPT-3.5 Turbo (Jan 2024) | 0 | unverifiedT2 | 2024-01-25 |
Continue from this leaderboard into the tightest head-to-head reads.
Weighted composite. Each dimension opens to the source-backed sub-signals it is computed from.
Claims drawn from cited facts, not live model generation.
This benchmark tests research-level reasoning on novel mathematics problems.
1 cited fact
This benchmark has scores from 84 tracked models, with a recorded score range spanning 93.68.
2 cited facts
Its Benchmark Integrity Index score is 99, with grade A and rank 3 out of 65 tracked benchmarks.
4 cited facts
It is not flagged as saturated. The top recorded score is 93.68, with 6.32 points of headroom. The computed top-score cluster contains 2 models.
4 cited facts
The harness classification is consistent harness. Test-set privacy is recorded as held-out.
2 cited facts
FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private (FrontierMath): FrontierMath (private v2, tiers 1-3) — original, unpublished research-level mathematics problems commissioned by Epoch AI to resist memorization and contamination; scored as accuracy (%). The private held-out set keeps the test set uncontaminated.
GPT-6.1 Sol leads FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private at 93.68. The full leaderboard above lists every recorded measurement, not just the headline number.
84 models have recorded scores on FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private, spanning a score spread of 93.68.
tensor.news grades FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private A for integrity (score 99/100), ranking #3 of 65 benchmarks we assess across discrimination, saturation, contamination resistance, harness comparability, and freshness.
No — FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private still has headroom and continues to discriminate between models rather than bunching them at the ceiling.
Its test set is held-out, which lowers — but does not eliminate — the risk that training data leaked into the questions.
Scores are reported under a consistent harness, so comparisons on FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private are reasonably apples-to-apples.
Every FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private measurement is source-backed and tagged reproduced, self-reported, or unverified; the underlying record cites epoch.ai/frontiermath.